This page was reviewed under our medical and editorial policy by
Maurie Markman, MD, President, Medicine & Science.
This page was updated on March 2, 2022.
Lymphedema is a common side effect of cancer and cancer treatment. It may be emotionally discouraging and physically painful, but knowing the signs and symptoms of lymphedema may allow you to get help more quickly.
This condition affects the lymphatic system, a network that carries a specific fluid called lymph throughout the body. The lymphatic system is made up of the following key parts:
When the lymph system is functioning effectively, lymph travels through the body. When it can’t flow through the body properly—because the lymph system is damaged or blocked, preventing lymph from circulating normally—lymphedema happens.
Lymphedema is the buildup of lymph fluid in the soft body tissues, often in the arms and legs. It visibly results in swelling.
There are two different types of lymphedema. Primary lymphedema happens if the lymph system develops abnormally. Symptoms may present at birth, but not always.
Secondary lymphedema occurs when the lymph system is damaged. This may happen for reasons including:
Recognizing the symptoms of lymphedema may help you get the help you need quickly. Symptoms include:
These changes may seem insignificant at first, but may worsen over time.
If you’re experiencing lymphedema symptoms, call your doctor. There are a number of ways it may be confirmed:
There are three stages of lymphedema:
If a tumor is causing your lymphedema, cancer surgery may resolve the blockage. If the lymphedema is a result of surgery, there are various treatments and types of self-care that may help you feel more comfortable:
If lymphedema is left untreated, it causes a ripple effect. For example, cells that help fight off infection may have trouble getting to an affected area of your body, heightening the risk that it may become infected. Wounds may take longer to heal, and you may experience soreness and stiffness.
Mentally, it may be challenging, particularly if you’re also going through cancer treatment or if it’s the result of a cancerous tumor.
It’s important to remember that you’re not alone, and that physical and mental health treatments are available to you.
There aren’t specific steps guaranteed to prevent lymphedema. However, because lymphedema may occur after cancer surgery, speak with your care team in advance for advice on how to lower your risk.
One helpful step is exercise—even gentle exercise helps keep lymph moving.